Jackson County established a Home Rule Charter form of government in 1970. For specific details see https://www.jacksongov.org/27/Government or for a broader detail of local Missouri governments in general see https://ballotpedia.org/Counties_in_Missouri.
Jackson County Townships and Precincts: https://www.jcebmo.org/wp-content/uploads/JACKSON-COUNTY-TOWNSHIPS-PRECINCTS.pdf